Effects of deglaciation on circumpolar distribution of arctic vegetation

نویسندگان

  • Martha K. Raynolds
  • Donald A. Walker
چکیده

An understanding of the factors controlling the distribution of arctic vegetation will allow better prediction of the effects of climate change. This study examines the effect of the age of landscapes on the distribution of arctic vegetation. We compared time since deglaciation with the distribution of vegetation types and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite measures of greenness (normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI). Most of the older arctic landscapes occur between the Taimyr Peninsula in Russia and the Mackenzie River in Canada. The vegetation types most commonly associated with the oldest landscapes include tussock-sedge, dwarf-shrub, moss-tundra, and sedge-shrub wetlands. Most of the Arctic, including most bioclimate subzones and most vegetation types, showed increasing NDVI with increasing landscape age. Landscapes showed rapid increases in NDVI during the first several thousand years after deglaciation. Relatively low NDVI values occurred on landscapes 5000 – 15 000 years old, as on the Canadian Shield. Higher NDVI values occurred on landscapes older than 20 000 years. Landscape age accounted for 34% of the variation in NDVI for landscapes younger than 900 000 years. The coldest parts of the Arctic (subzone A) and vegetation types that grow primarily in these areas did not show any trend with landscape age. Résumé. Une compréhension des facteurs qui contrôlent la distribution de la végétation arctique permettra une meilleure prédiction des effets du changement climatique. Cette étude examine l’effet de l’âge du paysage sur la distribution de végétation arctique. Nous avons comparé la période de déglaciation des surfaces avec la distribution des formations végétales, et des mesures satellites de verdure (NDVI, « normalized difference vegetation index ») par AVHRR (« Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer »). La majorité des anciens paysages arctiques se rencontrent entre la péninsule de Taimyr en Russie et la rivière Mackenzie au Canada. Les formations végétales principalement associées aux paysages les plus anciens comprennent la toundra à laîche-monticule, buisson-nain, mousse et à laîche-buisson des zones humides. La majeure partie de l’Arctique, incluant la plupart des sous-zones bio-climatiques et des types végétaux, montre des augmentations rapides de NDVI durant les premiers milliènes d’années après le départ des glaciers. Les valeurs de NDVI relativement basses sont fréquentes sur les paysages datés de 5000 – 15 000 ans, comme le Bouclier Canadien. Les valeurs plus élevées de NDVI sont associées aux paysages datés de plus de 20 000 ans. L’âge du paysage comptait pour 34 % dans la variation du NDVI pour les paysages plus jeunes que 900 000 ans. Les parties les plus froides de l’Arctique (la sous-zone A) et les types végétaux présents principalement dans ces endroits, ne montraient pas de relation avec l’âge du paysage.

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تاریخ انتشار 2009